What are the MQ-9 Reaper Predator drones and why does India need them?

India has been interested in buying Predator drones built by US company General Atomics for many years. But the push for the "Make In India" programme and other factors have led to the deal taking a back seat.

However, a day after Reuters reported that the Joe Biden administration is pushing Delhi to cut through its own red tape and advance a deal ahead of PM Narendra Modi's US visit, there were reports that India is likely to make the decision soon.

The Indian defence ministry is likely to decide on the deal to acquire US-made Predator drones at a meeting scheduled to be held on Thursday (June 15), government sources told India Today. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be on state visit to the US from June 21 to 24.

If the deal gets finalised, India will acquire 30 American Predator (MQ-9 Reaper) drones.

What are the Predator drones?

The Predator drone or the MQ-9 Reaper is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems. It is primarily used by the United States Air Force (USAF) and other international military forces for long-endurance, high-altitude surveillance and strike missions. The Reaper is the successor to the MQ-1 Predator drone.

The Predator drone was developed by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc, an American defense contractor specializing in UAVs. The development of the Predator began in the 1990s.

Role and capabilities

The primary role of the Predator drone is intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). It is equipped with a range of sensors and cameras that enable it to gather real-time imagery and transmit it to ground stations for analysis. This capability makes it a valuable asset for military operations, border surveillance, and counterterrorism efforts.

One of the significant operational capabilities of the MQ-9 Reaper is its ability to conduct precision airstrikes. It can carry and employ a range of munitions, including the AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bombs.

Operational Use

Predator drones have been extensively used by the United States military in various conflict zones, including Afghanistan, Iraq, and other areas. They have proven effective in providing persistent surveillance and conducting targeted strikes against enemy combatants.

Its ISR capabilities, endurance, and armament make it an effective tool for tracking and targeting insurgent and terrorist networks, disrupting their activities, and supporting ground operations.

The Reaper can provide close air support (CAS) to ground forces engaged in combat operations. It can loiter over an area for extended periods, allowing it to provide real-time support, reconnaissance, and strike capabilities to troops on the ground.

Why India needs Predator drones

Border security: India shares borders with several neighbouring countries, including Pakistan and China. These borders often face security challenges, including cross-border infiltration, smuggling, and territorial disputes. Predator drones can provide enhanced surveillance capabilities to monitor border areas, detect threats, and improve situational awareness.

Counterterrorism operations: India has been dealing with various terrorist organisations and insurgencies within its territory. Predator drones can play a crucial role in counterterrorism operations by conducting surveillance, gathering intelligence, and providing real-time situational awareness to security forces.

Maritime security: India has a vast coastline, and ensuring maritime security is crucial for safeguarding its territorial waters, exclusive economic zones, and maritime interests. Predator drones equipped with maritime surveillance capabilities can monitor coastal areas, detect illegal activities such as smuggling and piracy, and support search and rescue operations.

Disaster management: India is prone to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and cyclones. UAVs like Predator drones can be utilized for disaster management purposes, including assessing damage, monitoring affected areas, and facilitating relief and rescue operations.

Strategic deterrence: The acquisition of advanced UAVs like Predator drones can enhance India's overall defense capabilities and serve as a deterrent to potential adversaries like Pakistan and China.